Market research institute Ipsos has published the results of a study into the typology of different users of autonomous vehicles. Commissioned by Audi as part of its &Audi initiative, The Pulse of Autonomous Driving analyzes the results from 21,000 respondents spread across nine countries on three continents.
Unsurprisingly, the results showed that young, high-earning and well-educated ‘status-oriented trendsetters’ and ‘tech-savvy passengers’ most look forward to autonomous driving. In contrast, skepticism is dominant among ‘suspicious drivers’, who tend to be older with a lower level of income and education.
The ‘safety-oriented reluctant’ would use autonomous driving only when others have gained experience with the technology. The largest user group are the ‘open-minded co-pilots’, who are fundamentally open to autonomous driving as long as they can take control at any time.
Dr. Luciano Floridi, professor of philosophy and ethics of information and director of the Digital Ethics Lab, University of Oxford, and contributor to the &Audi initiative, said, “This study is more than just a welcome addition to our knowledge about the phenomenon of autonomous driving. It is a necessary step for any policy- and law-making decision, as well as any R&D and business strategy that intends to be proactive and informed in delivering a better world.”
Since 2015, Audi has been examining the social acceptance of autonomous driving. In the study, the initiative investigates how rational arguments, emotions, values and lifestyles shape attitudes to autonomous driving. The result is a triad consisting of an emotional landscape, a human readiness index, and a user typology.
The emotional landscape on autonomous driving produces a mixed picture. On the one hand, internationally there is strong interest in (82%) and curiosity about (62%) autonomous driving. In the new technology, respondents see potential for the individual and society – from easier access to mobility (76%) and greater convenience (72%) to more safety (59%). More than half of respondents would also like to test autonomous driving.
On the other hand, clear concerns also exist, above all the fear of loss of control (70%) and unavoidable residual risks (66%). Nearly half (41%) of respondents are suspicious of the technology, and about one-third (38%) are anxious. The greatest willingness to hand over control relates to autonomous parking and traffic jams on highways. The level of knowledge about autonomous driving appears to be low: only 8% state that they can explain the subject.
The human readiness index (HRI) provides insights into the way that attitudes to autonomous driving relate to socio-demographics. The results show that the younger the respondents are and the higher their level of education and income, the more positive their attitude to autonomous driving. Differences are also apparent between the countries that were investigated. The Chinese (HRI +5.1) are euphoric, and South Koreans (HRI +1.2) are also above-average in their positive view of the technology. In Europe, the Spanish and Italians lead the field (both HRI +0.7). Germans and French are relatively reserved (both HRI -0.7), as are the Americans, Japanese and British (all HRI -0.9). The HRI combines knowledge of, interest in, emotions about, and readiness to use self-driving cars to produce a numerical indicator between -10 and +10.
By examining attitudes to autonomous driving in the context of people’s lives, the user typology shows that significant differences exist. This analysis results in five user types. The ‘suspicious driver’ likes to stick with what already exists and would use autonomous driving only if it had become fully established. ‘Safety-oriented reluctants’ also have a largely reserved attitude to autonomous driving. They believe that autonomous cars should first be tested for years before being allowed on the road.
The ‘open-minded co-pilot’ sees the benefits of the technology and desires measures from the fields of business, science and politics to put the cars on the road safely. ‘Status-oriented trendsetters’ are enthusiastic about self-driving cars because they can demonstrate their progressive lifestyle in this way. The ‘tech-savvy passenger’ trusts the technology and wants it to be introduced across the board.
“Automated and autonomous driving has the potential to improve our mobility substantially,” said Thomas Müller, head of automated driving at Audi. “On the way there, alongside technical development, it is of decisive importance to convince people. The study provides us with differentiated insights about where people stand in relation to autonomous driving and how we can establish suitable expectations about the new technology in society.”
